Critical Care / Sepsis

SOFA Score Calculator

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment — quantifies organ dysfunction across 6 systems. A SOFA increase of 2+ points from baseline indicates organ dysfunction per Sepsis-3 definitions.

SOFA Score
0/ 24
Mortality~0–3%
0/6 systems

qSOFA (Quick SOFA) — Bedside Screening

Score 0–3 · Bedside tool, no labs needed

0/3

Interpretation & Mortality Estimates

SOFA 0–1
~0–3%
SOFA 2–3
~3–5%
SOFA 4–5
~5–10%
SOFA 6–7
~15–20%
SOFA 8–9
~20–30%
SOFA 10–11
~35–50%
SOFA ≥12
> 50%

Sepsis-3 Definition

Suspected infection + acute SOFA increase of 2 or more points from baseline = Sepsis

Septic Shock

Sepsis + vasopressors to maintain MAP of 65 mmHg or above + lactate > 2 mmol/L despite adequate fluid resuscitation

Dr Sumit's Guide — Clinical Pearls

High-yield points for Indian EM practice

Sepsis-3 (2016) replaced SIRS

SOFA replaced the old SIRS criteria for defining sepsis — more specific for true organ dysfunction. SIRS had poor specificity (tachycardia from pain, fever from viral illness counted).

qSOFA is a screening tool, NOT diagnostic

If qSOFA score is 2 or above, calculate the full SOFA. qSOFA alone should not be used to start or withhold treatment. Sensitivity is only ~50% — a negative qSOFA does NOT rule out sepsis.

Indian tropical infections cause high SOFA scores

Dengue, falciparum malaria, scrub typhus, leptospirosis — common causes of multi-organ dysfunction. They often present with thrombocytopenia (coag SOFA up), hepatic dysfunction (liver SOFA up), and AKI (renal SOFA up) simultaneously.

Serial SOFA (delta-SOFA) matters more

Trend is more valuable than a single value. Increasing SOFA over 48–72 hours indicates worsening. Decreasing SOFA suggests response to treatment. Re-score daily in ICU.

Indian drug names

Noradrenaline = Norad / Levophed, Vasopressin = Vasopin, Dobutamine = Dobutrex. When calculating cardiovascular SOFA, convert doses to µg/kg/min.

Surviving Sepsis Campaign (2021) — 1-Hour Bundle

Measure lactate. Blood cultures BEFORE antibiotics. Start broad-spectrum antibiotics within 1 hour. 30 mL/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate of 4 mmol/L or above. Vasopressors if MAP stays below 65 after fluids.

Common pitfall — baseline SOFA

Baseline SOFA is assumed 0 if no pre-existing organ dysfunction. But many Indian elderly patients have CKD with elevated baseline creatinine — their renal SOFA may already be 1–2 at baseline. Document the baseline to calculate the delta accurately.

Vincent JL, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure.Intensive Care Med. 1996;22(7):707-710.  ·  Singer M, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801-810.